![]() ![]() The modelling strategy might be applied to other herbicide compounds by selecting proper environmental covariates. The digital map allowed us to quantify the environmental variability of atrazine dissipation in Córdoba (3.2–99.5 days). Atrazine dissipation was faster in sites with previous gramineous crops and high soil organic matter. The results suggest that atrazine half-life can be spatially predicted by SOC and land use. We used Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation and stochastic partial differential equations to model the spatial dependence on random effects. Second, we fitted a Bayesian hierarchical model for the estimated atrazine half-lives, considering a soil site-specific property (soil organic carbon, SOC) and land use (gramineous crop, non-gramineous crop, pasture, and forest) as covariates. First, we determined the dissipation parameters of atrazine under a variety of environmental conditions in 60 sites. Based on laboratory determination and environmental data, atrazine dissipation in soils was mapped across the territory of Córdoba province, central Argentina. The objectives of this work were to estimate atrazine dissipation in a variety of soils and to map its spatial variability by modelling half-life as a function of environmental variables. While atrazine persistence in soils has been widely studied by quantifying half-life from experimental dissipation curves, the spatial variability of half-life at the landscape scale has not been sufficiently explored. Atrazine, a residual herbicide with a wide range of reported environmental impacts, has been extensively applied in agricultural soils cultivated with gramineous crops. The length of time an herbicide remains in soils can be used as an indicator for diffuse pollution assessment. The intensity of these processes is differentially affectedīy temperature and, in general, there is a positive effect of phosphorus fertilization history, although theĮffect of this is not clearly seen in the amounts of extractable phosphorus with the classic Bray & Kurtz Reaction P-Soil – P-Solution in the soils studied. Infer that both processes occur at non-equilibrium conditions and there is a lack of reversibility of the However, since theĪmounts of P released in the desorption process are very much less than the adsorbed, is possible to Of precipitation in highly soluble compounds and surface adsorption reactions with very low bindingĮnergy, as P is quickly released into the soil solution in the desorption process. The rate at which these processes occur indicates the occurrence of chemical reactions Two very labile pools of phosphorus were determined Thus, it was possible to clearly differentiate two different kinetic mechanisms,Įach characterized by different reaction rates. A bi-linear model that adequately describes the data obtained in the adsorption and desorptionĮxperiments is proposed. Region, to describe the processes associated with these reactions and to define the effect of temperature Kinetic model describing the sorption/desorption of phosphate in soils of the Argentinean Pampas This work was developed in order to find the That concentration is regulated by adsorption/desorption and precipitation/ĭissolution processes, particularly its kinetics of reaction. The concentration of phosphate ions in solution is critical in defining the ability of a soil to adequately pilosa is not related to the physiological behaviour or to the Pb entry into the vascular bundle in root, but to the incorporation of other heavy metals that are micronutrients. Collecting seeds from a historically exposed population will provide some suitable individuals with Pb accumulation and translocation capabilities, but not a sufficient amount to conduct a large phytoremediation project. pilosa population that provides seeds for phytoextraction projects, since the average value of total extraction was relatively low. The period of exposure (30 years) was not long enough to obtain a B. presented tolerance to Pb pollution in soil, evidenced in a higher survival rate, a better antioxidant response, and an efficient reduction in cell membrane damage mainly due to history of exposure. pilosa in response to Pb in individuals from two populations: one historically exposed to Pb and another with no history of exposure. The aim of this study was to analyse the intra- and interpopulation variability of B. has been reported as tolerant to and potentially hyperaccumulator of several heavy metals, including Pb, but with variable results in terms of effectiveness. This method requires selection of species for their tolerance, high accumulation levels in harvestable parts, and high biomass production. Phytoremediation, especially phytoextraction, is a good alternative for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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